Descriptive Essay About Balik - 1217 Words

Name: Khai Seong Wong Assignment #4 ENGL 102 I first met Andrew â€Å"Andy† Balik four years ago at the church my partner attended. After years of being away, my partner and I moved back to Bayonne, New Jersey, a small peninsular town that shared a border with Jersey City, and is surrounded by Newark Bay, Upper New York Bay and Kill Van Kull. We were first introduced to Andy by his wife, Joanne. She is a loud and brash woman whose presence could easily fill up a room wherever she goes. Andy is a big and tall man who has a pair of 4-inch dark-rimmed glasses on that makes him appear bookish and intelligent. He always has a wealth of wisdom to impart and plenty of offensive, politically incorrect jokes to crack. He has this unmistakable, hearty†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I’d have to say it was my time in the Air Force because I went into a novel career field. They gave you a test that covered eight different things to gauge your mechanical and critical thinking aptitude. I scored 15 out of 100. I was glad t hat I would not be a mechanic. I asked the sergeant, ‘what can I do,’ and he said ‘language school.’ I picked Russian because it was similar with my family language of Slovak. I went to an army language school in Texas, and was stationed in Hokkaido in northern Japan. It was during the Cold War, and I was responsible for intercepting Russian intelligence and translating highly classified information.† I became more intrigued with what he had to say. He continued, â€Å"once, we just had a very expensive new taping equipment installed. We were sure that we were going to pick up something of value over the airwaves. As I listened in the device, it picked up a Mickey Mouse cartoon dubbed in Japanese.† I could always count on Andy to inject a dose of humor. To this day, Andy is still heavily involved in the production of Bayonne, Today!, a local TV show that features interviews of local celebrities in Bayonne and New Jersey alike. He joined the pro duction in the early 1990s with then mayoral candidate, Lenny Kiczek. The show featured an impressive list of figures, from various New Jersey politicians and governors, to Captain Bayonne, to local boxing legend Chuck

How Sex Addiction Is Too Much Essay - 1266 Words

How do people develop an addiction to sex? Sex is such a popular topic in these modern times, why wouldn’t there be an addiction to it? The media is obsessed with sex because â€Å"sex sells.† What is sex addiction, anyway? It is hard to pin an exact definition to the name. Sex addiction has been defined as sexual compulsivity, hypersexuality, and/or sex dependency (Hall,2011). One of the problems I see with these attempts of defining sex addiction is how do we define how much sex is too much? Where is the line drawn between having average sexual activity and hypersexuality? To help define sex addiction more definitely, we must look at the signs and symptoms. Some signs and symptoms include the inability to resist sexual impulses, even if it puts the individual in danger, the obsession of sex and the behavior regarding it, an unusual amount of time used for engaging in sexual behaviors or pursuing it, engaging in dangerous sexual situations such as the transmittance of STDs, and multiple failing attempts to stop the compulsive sexual behavior (Emerald Coast Collaborative Solutions, no date). Application of Theoretical Perspectives In Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, he saw sex as a basic driving force for humans. Freud called the sex drive â€Å"libido.† Libido is part of the id, one of the three parts of the human personality. The id is the most basic part of personality. This is present at birth and it operates on someone’s most basic needs, which included sex. The ego tries toShow MoreRelatedAll Kinds Of Addictions And Their Consequences Of Unhealthy Decisions1299 Words   |  6 Pagesremember my graduation from preschool. 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Payment of the Lesser Amount through a Third Party Free Sample

Question: Advice to Josie Whether There Is A Binding Contract with Sam? Answer: Introduction Formation of an agreement between the transacting parties is one essential part of their transaction. In concern for contracts, English law requires a contract to have consideration so that as one of the key elements. Also, there are some suggestions that a contract may lack its enforceability if it lacks consideration. Nevertheless, there also some exceptions as discussed in this paper. Some of these legal doctrines are the Pinnels case rules and promissory estoppels. This paper will be a discussion the extent to which the lack of consideration can invalidate the contract. The determination whether there was a contract or not take is an examination of three issues. For one, its a question of the consequence of a statement made by Josie that he would hold the offer open until the midnight of Tuesday 21 February. Secondly, whether this statement that the offer will remain open amounted to a valid contract, and lastly, a question whether the message left by Josie on the phone saying that the painting has been sold for $900 was valid notification of the removal of an offer. The fundamental rule for revoking an offer is that an offeror has the right to revoke the offer anytime before acceptance.[1] In this case, Josie informed Sam that he was going to hold the painting's offer open until 21st midnight but later decided to sell it to Wendy before the promised date. The issue whether such promises are binding were held in Routledge v Grant where the court decided that such promises should not be binding.[2] As a general rule, a valid contract should have an offer, acceptance, and consideration among other elements.[3] Holding this promise valid will be ignoring the fact that an offer should have a consideration. However, if Sam had paid a little amount to Josie so that Josie would consider keeping the painting offer available, that small payment would have been termed as consideration and would have made the promise binding. Up to that point, Josie had every right to revoke the offer that she had made to Sam. On the other hand, there is a need to look at the communication of a revocation. The best case that set the rules of communication when parties are at a distance was set in the case of Byrne v van Tienhoven.[4] This case concerned a revocation of an offer through a telegram. This case held that a revocation contained in a telegram would only have its effect if the offeror received it. There is a need to look at how the message was sent and delivered to Sam. From the facts available, Sam did not return the call, and he was unable to retrieve any messages due to the machine being faulty for the past few days. The best way to approach this situation is through the comments of Lord Denning.[5] He gave a situation where an acceptance of an offer is coming from the offeree on the other end of the phone. He said that in such a situation, if it happens that the offeror doesnt get the words of acceptance clearly, he should trouble him/herself to get the words by asking the offeree to repeat them. If the teleprinters ink dies at the receiving end, then the receiver should put an effort to get the messages again. So if the person who sent the message reasonably held that the message reached home, the receiver would be estopped from asserting that he/she didnt receive the message if it was the receivers faults.[6] Therefore, it was upon Sam to try and retrieve the messages fr om the faulty machine since Josie had reasonably believed that Sam got the message. In conclusion, the agreement was not binding since Josie revoked the offer, and the revocation was communicated to Sam. This section would assume that there was already a contract that Josie would sell the painting to Sam on Tuesday 21st. On the assumption that there was a contract, there would only be one thing expected of the parties, which is a discharge of the contract. In this case, there was a discharge through a breach. This happens when one party abandons its promises resulting to an anticipatory breach of repudiation.[7] This breach occurs when one party, before the performance date, expressly notifies the other that performance would be impossible or that party doesn't want to fulfill its contractual promises. In such a case, the non-breaching party can either wait until the other party has actually breached the contract, or terminate the contract and sue for the damages. When it comes to recovering damages, the only damages available are those which are the lost benefits that the innocent party suffered due to the breach.[8] The decision of the case of Hochster v De La Tour is an example similar to this situation.[9] The defendant and the claimant had agreed that the claimant would start working as a courier on 1 June. The defendant then sent a letter to the claimant on 11 May to cancel the contract. After that, the claimant decided to commence suit for breach. The court held that there was a breach despite that fact that the defendant tried to argue that the contract was not breached since there were still some days before the agreed date. So in assumption that there was a contract, Josie performed an anticipatory breach of repudiation. The damages of Sam would only be the lost benefits. The lost benefits will be the amount above $800 if Sam buys the same picture of sunflowers from someone else. Exceptions Of Pinnels Case The Pinnels case was an issue of a paying a portion of the owed debt. In particular, it was a question whether the acceptance of a debtor to settle on a certain fraction of the debt was a reasonable consideration to forfeit the entire debt.[10] In short, If C owes P 30 and P admits settling the debt with 15 on the due date, P could still come claiming for the balance in future because the agreement lacks consideration. The background of this rule can be traced in the actual case of Pinnel v Cole.[11] Cole was in of Pinnel's 8.50, and the amount was due on 11th November. Pinnel's requested Cole to only pay 5.11 on the deadline and Pinnel would forfeit the rest of the debt. Later on, Pinnel decided to pursue the rest of the debt from Cole. The court found that acceptance of the portion of the debt was not a consideration that would have stopped Pinnel from coming back. Despite criticism, this rule continued to hold its rational effects rational that accepting a smaller amount in exchange for a higher amount was not a valid consideration which was an affirmation in the case of Foakes v Beer.[12] However, some exceptions were set for this case as follows. In this concern, however small it could be, a new consideration would be an adequate consideration. A new consideration was viewed in three ways. These are; the payment of the part-payment before the due date, payment at a different place, and payment in the form of goods rather than money. However, all these should happen only when the creditor calls for them. Payment of the Lesser Amount through a Third Party. Another exception would occur when the creditor promises to settle the debt with a smaller amount on condition that a third party provides the part-payment. In such a case, that agreement would be binding, and the debtor would no longer be in debt. For instance, a money lender was pursuing the debt, but the father paid a lesser amount to release the son from the debt. The money lender accepted the small amount in settlement of the larger debt. When he decided to sue for the remainder, the court held that the small payment was sufficient consideration. This prohibited the money lender from coming back and the court termed it as a fraud.[13] Composition with Creditors. This rule gives a chance in which someone that is to be declared a bankrupt by his creditors can make some arrangements with them. The principle provides that each creditor should agree to accept a particular portion the debt to settle in full. If the debtor manages to have all the creditors to agree, then theyll be bound by that promise. In short, an agreement between a debtor and creditors would offset the Pinnel rules. Thats to say, all the lenders must agree to take a partial payment so that the agreement would binding, and they should be more than one lender.[14] Compromise of Dispute as To Amount. If in fact there is a genuine dispute as to the amount of the debt, a compromise of the acceptance of a lesser sum than that claimed will amount to fresh consideration. Notwithstanding the fact that there is no consideration, it would be impossible for the individual creditor to recover the debt balance from the borrower. To clarify, allowing any of the creditors to come back claiming for the remainder would lead to fraud on the part of other creditors who accepted to settle on the said fraction.[15] Promissory or Equitable Estoppel An additional exemption to Pinnel's principles rests in the rules of the equitable concept of promissory estoppel. This doctrine presents a way of enforcing a promise even in situations where it lacks consideration.[16] This doctrine asserts that if one party known as the promisor promises the other one know as the promisee, and the promisee changes position in reliance with the given promises, the promisor would be prevented from backing from the deal. This promise would be enforced despite the fact that it doesn't have a consideration. An example of how promissory estoppels works was in the case of ruled by Denning J.[17] In 1937 High Trees House Ltd entered into a lease agreement with CLP for a section of flats at a standard price of 2,500/year. Due to wars, the rental rates had to fall drastically. So in January 1940, both parties entered into another agreement to reduce the price by half, but they didn't agree on the duration of the reduced rent. Within the five years, High Tree s continued to pay the reduced rent, and the more tenants began to fill the vacant flats. By 1945, all the units were occupied, and CLP sued High Trees to recover all the rents starting from June 1945. The court concluded that the reduction of the rent was only a temporary solution to cover those times when there was a war. Consequently, the court held that it was lawful that the rent can go back to normal amount since there was no more war and the flats had been reoccupied. The court went on to say that any party that waives a price to affect an executory section of the contract can still withdraw such waiver by reasonably notifying the other party. Conclusion Consideration is a crucial component in the creation of a contract. English law does not give force gratuitous agreements except for those created by the deed. Regarding this, the law will not enforce a deal where someone agrees to provide or undertake an action without receiving something in return. However, there are also exceptions created by the doctrine of promissory estoppel. This one states that a promise would be enforced even though it doesn't have a consideration provided that the other party acted in reliance on that promise. This paper has examined the effects of consideration, and it has also looked at exceptions to which a promise without a consideration can be enforced. References Helewitz, Jeffrey A, Basic Contract Law For Paralegals (Wolters Kluwer Law Business, 6th ed, 2010) Whittington, O.Ray and Patrick R Delaney, Wiley CPA Exam Review 2009 / (Wiley, 6th ed, 2009) Klass, Gregory, Contract Law In The USA (Kluwer Law International, 1st ed, 2010) Roach, Lee, Card James' Business Law (Oxford University Press, 4th ed, 2016) Poole, Jill, Casebook On Contract Law (Oxford Univ. Press, 12th ed, 2014) Bailey, Veronica E., Cape Law: Text And Cases: Contract Law, Tort Law And Real Property (AuthorHouse, 1st ed, 2016) O'Sullivan, Janet and Jonathan Hilliard, The Law Of Contract (Oxford University Press, 7th ed, 2016) Cases Routledge v Grant[1828] 4 Bing 653;130 ER 920. Byrne CovLeonVanTien Hoven Co [1880] 5 CPD 344 Entorresv Miles Far East[1955] 2 QB 327 Court of Appeal Hochster v De la Tour [1853] 2 E B 678 Foakes v Beer [1884] UKHL 1 Hirachand Punamchand v Temple [1911] 2 KB 330 Cook v. Lister, [1863] 13 C.B.N.S. 543 Central London Property Trust v High Trees House [1947] KB 130 High Court West Yorkshire Darracq AgencyLtdv Coleridge[1911] 2 KB 326 Pinnel'sCase [1602] 5 Co. Rep. 117a [1] Jeffrey A Helewitz, Basic Contract Law For Paralegals (Wolters Kluwer Law Business, 6th ed, 2010).pg 67 [2] Routledge v Grant(1828) 4 Bing 653;130 ER 920. [3] O.Ray Whittington and Patrick R Delaney, Wiley CPA Exam Review 2009 / (Wiley, 6th ed, 2009); pg 151 [4] Byrne CovLeonVanTien Hoven Co [1880] 5 CPD 344 [5] Entorresv Miles Far East[1955] 2 QB 327 Court of Appeal [6] Lee Roach, Card James' Business Law (Oxford University Press, 4th ed, 2016).pg 136 [7] Gregory Klass, Contract Law In The USA (Kluwer Law International, 1st ed, 2010); pg 207 [8] Jill Poole, Casebook On Contract Law (Oxford Univ. Press, 12th ed, 2014).pg 394 [9] Hochster v De la Tour (1853) 2 E B 678 [10] Veronica E. Bailey, Cape Law: Text And Cases: Contract Law, Tort Law And Real Property (AuthorHouse, 1st ed, 2016). [11] Pinnel'sCase [1602] 5 Co. Rep. 117a [12] Foakes v Beer [1884] UKHL 1 [13] Hirachand Punamchand v Temple [1911] 2 KB 330 [14] West Yorkshire Darracq AgencyLtdv Coleridge[1911] 2 KB 326 [15] Cook v. Lister, 13 C.B.N.S. 543 (1863). [16] Janet O'Sullivan and Jonathan Hilliard, The Law Of Contract (Oxford University Press, 7th ed, 2016). [17] Central London Property Trust v High Trees House [1947] KB 130 High Court

Rhetorical Analysis of an Image

The political cartoon drawn by Jim Borgman eloquently illustrates the problems faced by many young American people nowadays. In particular, it shows that they often do not have any employment opportunities, and some may be forced to join the Army hoping that it can create at least some opportunities for them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of an Image specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from that, this image can be aimed at criticizing the policies of the government that attaches more importance to military spending, rather than economic development of the country and welfare of its citizens. These are the main argument that the cartoonist puts forward. By using both imagery and verbal elements, Borgman succeeds in making a very powerful statement about the life contemporary society in which the feeling of insecurity is probably the most dominant one. The key topic that the author explores is the lack of opportunities for American people, especially those ones who are relatively young. This cartoon was created in 2003 at the time when economic problems began to manifest themselves, and the country was conducting several military operations abroad. Yet, nowadays when the impacts of recession have not been fully overcome, this issue is even more important for a greater number of people, namely school and college graduates. They may not always be able to achieve success in their social life. The audience of this cartoon is difficult to define, because it can include every person who is interested in the political, social, and economic life of the country. Yet, one cannot say that there are distinct demographic characteristics of the audience. Overall, it is possible to argue that Jim Borgman supports left-wing ideology which emphasizes the necessity for social change and egalitarian relations in the society1. This cartoonist is extremely concerned with future developmen t of American society. This cartoon is a single-frame image in which the author depicts two characters; one of them is a soldier holding an assault rifle, while the other one is probably a college graduate2. It should be noted that Jim Borgman does not portray their faces in much detail. One can only see that these are male characters.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overall, one can argue that this cartoon is quite realistic, especially as far as clothing of the characters is concerned. This description is supposed to show that these people represent two different social classes. One of them is a former student who is holding either his diploma or resume while the other person is a young man who preferred military career. They have to represent different options that are available to young people in the contemporary United States. In particular, some of them may choose to get education while other may prefer the Army as a way of climbing social ladder. The main issue is that none of these options can guarantee success to a person. The author relies on both word and image. The most important element is the textual message included into this cartoon. In particular, the soldier says, â€Å"I figure it’s easier to find a war than a job these days†. To a great extent, this sentence can be viewed as a title of the cartoon. This statement shows how difficult it is for a person find ones niche in the contemporary workforce. This is the most obvious argument that this image contains. Jim Borgman’s tone is both comic and serious at the same time because the author portrays characters in a caricatural way, but this image also makes a viewer feel empathy of these people. The author does not refer to any particular person or specific event, but one can understand that the author describes the life of contemporary Americans. Apart from that, it is possible to see a hidden or implied message in this cartoon. To a great extent, it is aimed at showing that the government is too concerned with military strength of the country, but not much attention is being paid to the economic welfare of citizens. As a result, college graduates are often unable to find a job that can best suits their talents and education. Overall, Jim Borgman has been able to show the sense of insecurity that these people experience. To some degree, this situation can be explained by the policies and strategies of the state. Thus, one can say that Jim Borgman can make several rhetorical statements with the help of this cartoon. Although the author does not calls for a specific change, he skillfully shows that current situation leaves much to be desired.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of an Image specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the whole, the image drawn by Ji m Borgman is excellent example of how visual and verbal messages can convey a deep rhetorical argument that can pose many thought-provoking questions to a person. The cartoonist relies on both visual and verbal elements in order to express his argument. Through this cartoon, the author highlights some of the most important problems that can be encountered by young people. So, this image can be regarded as an excellent example of a political cartoon. Appendixes Picture 1. The cartoon by Jim Borgman Bibliography Borgman, Jim. I figure it’s easier to find a war than a job these days. Cartoon. 2003. Accessed from http://paulocoelhoblog.com/images/image-of-the-day/Borgman.jpg Hess Stephen and Sandy Northrop. American Political Cartoons: The Evolution of a  National Identity, 1754-2010. New York: Transaction Publishers, 2010.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Footnotes 1 Hess Stephen and Sandy Northrop. American Political Cartoons: The Evolution of a National Identity, 1754-2010 ( New York: Transaction Publishers, 2010), 134. 2 Please refer to the Appendixes, Picture 1. This essay on Rhetorical Analysis of an Image was written and submitted by user Camilla D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Signal Units Involved during World War II Essay Example

Signal Units Involved during World War II Essay Example Signal Units Involved during World War II Essay Signal Units Involved during World War II Essay ATZH-LCB-B29 January 2012 SUBJECT: Chapter review of Getting the Message Through, Chapter VIII. 1. Chapter VIII is about signal units involved during World War II. Throughout each phase of the conflict, new problems and difficulties arose that could only be overcome through hard work, ingenuity and extreme bravery. The huge scope of the war on numerous continents tested the will and determination of the signal corps. 2. The first real need for signal support was hemisphere defense. This included protecting the Panama Canal from bombings, the British supply line by way of Greenland and the Japanese invasion of parts of Alaska after bombing of Pearl Harbor. They installed radar along the coasts and ran thousands of miles of wire through the frozen terrain of Alaska. On Puerto Rico, Signal Units provided aircraft warnings and communication support to help protect the Caribbean. 3. The first Signal units to actually face the enemy were in the Pacific. After the Pearl Harbor bombing, the Japanese began invading the Philippine Islands. They forced General McArthur to retreat to the Bataan Peninsula and finally Corregidor. Not all of the soldiers could get away. Lt. Gen. Wainwright was in command of the garrison and ventually moved his headquarters underground into the Malinta Tunnel. Col. Theodore Teague was commanding signal officer and once the Japanese invaded the tunnels, he ordered his signal soldiers to destroy all equipment. To keep communications going in the Philippines, the Signal Corps created the 978th Signal Service Company out of largely Filipino volunteers. They worked hand in hand with the guerilla fghters that resisted the Japanese invaders. These volunteers helped pave the way for the eventual Allied liberation of the Philippines. 4. The Signal Corps became involved in a grander scale of combat operations in North Africa. General Dwight D Eisenhower was the overall Allied Commander of invasions of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. His chief Signal Officer was Brig. Gen. Jerry V MateJka. The first big test was operation TORCH, in which the Signal Corp was to provide communications for the amphibious assaults. Numerous problems arose from failure to keep the sea water from damaging equipment to the equipment itself being too heavy. They eventually set up permanent ACAN stations. Another issue was the different codes and call signs used by the British Army and Navvy, Royal Air Force and the Army Air Forces. Signal soldiers had to be adaptive and learn on their feet. 5. In helping to plan the Invasion of Normandy on the European front, the Signal Corps became part ot the Services ot Supply. Brig. Gen. illi m S Rumbougn became the theaters chief signal officer. He was faced with signal planning for the largest military operation of the war. This included establishing system of priorities for telephone traffic and allocating frequencies for the 90,000 transmitters needed for the operation. He also created the Joint Assault Signal Company OASCO) to provide signal support for the amphibious assaults at Omaha and Utah beaches. Also, wenty-eight signal men from the 101st Airborne Signal Company were the first signal men to land in France. They flew in with their SCR-449 radios on gliders. Multichannel radios were first incorporated in the Normandy invasion. 6. Once Hitler committed suicide and Germany surrendered, the Signal Corps put all their resources in support of the Pacific campaign to finish off the Japanese. The jungles of the numerous islands provided many issues with radio communications. To get the message through, miles and miles of wire were run through the trees without proper equipment. The SCR 300 radio was used to communicate with aircraft or arrangement of supply drops for the advancing Allied forces. The Signal Corps had also built their own signal fleet equipped with VHF radio relay sets. Their flagship, the Apache, was specifically devoted to public relations. After the ferocious battle of Iwo Jima, the Signal Corps began planning the communications for the proposed invasion of Japan called Operation OLYMPIC. The dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki brought the war to a quick conclusion. The Signal Corps performed their last duty by broadcasting the formal Japanese surrender proceedings aboard the USS Missouri to all the world.

Nudibranch Facts

Nudibranch Facts Enchanting to both divers and scientists, colorful nudibranchs (pronounced nooda-bronk and including Nudibranchia, suborders Aeolidida and Doridacea) inhabit the sea floors of oceans all over the world. The unattractively named sea slug comes in a fantastic array of shapes and neon-bright colors that they themselves cannot see. Fast Facts: Nudibranchs (Sea Slugs) Scientific Name: Nudibranchia, suborders Aeolidida and DoridaceaCommon Name: Sea slugBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: Microscopic to 1.5 feet longWeight: Up to just over 3 poundsLifespan: A few weeks to a year  Diet:  CarnivoreHabitat: On seafloors all over the world, between 30 and 6,500 feet below the water surfacePopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description Nudibranchs are mollusks in the class Gastropoda, which includes snails, slugs, limpets, and sea hairs. Many gastropods have a shell. Nudibranchs have a shell in their larval stage, but it disappears in the adult form. Gastropods also have a foot and all young gastropods undergo a process called ​​torsion in their larval stage. In this process, the entire top of their body twists 180 degrees on their foot. This results in the placement of the gills and anus above the head, and adults that are asymmetrical in form. The word nudibranch comes from the Latin word nudus (naked) and Greek brankhia (gills), in reference to the gills or gill-like appendages which protrude from the backs of many nudibranchs. They also may have tentacles on their heads that help them smell, taste, and get around. A pair of tentacles called rhinophores on the nudibranchs head have scent receptors that allow the nudibranch to smell its food or other nudibranchs. Because the rhinophores stick out and can be a target for hungry fish, most nudibranchs have the ability to withdraw the rhinophores and hide them in a pocket in their skin if the nudibranch senses danger. Amin Benhameurlaine  / Getty Images Species There are over 3,000 species of nudibranchs, and new species are still being discovered. They range in size from microscopic to over a foot and a half long  and can weigh up to just over 3 pounds. If youve seen one nudibranch, you havent seen them all. They come in an astonishingly wide variety of colors and shapes- many have brightly colored stripes or spots and flamboyant appendages on their head and back. Some species are transparent and/or bio-luminescent, like the Phylliroe. Nudibranchs thrive in an enormous variety of underwater environments, from shallow, temperate, and tropic reefs to Antarctica and even hydrothermal vents. cbpix/Getty Images Suborders Two main suborders of nudibranchs are dorid nudibranchs (Doridacea) and aeolid nudibranchs (Aeolidida). Dorid nudibranchs, like the Limacia cockerelli, breathe through gills that are on their posterior (back) end. Aeolid nudibranchs have cerata  or finger-like appendages that cover their back. The cerata can be a variety of shapes- thread-like, club-shaped, clustered, or branched. They have multiple functions, including breathing, digestion, and defense. Habitat and Distribution Nudibranchs are found in all the worlds oceans, from cold water to warm water. You might find nudibranchs in your local tide pool, while snorkeling or diving on a tropical coral reef, or even in some of the coldest parts of the ocean or in thermal vents. They live on or near the sea floor and have been identified at depths between 30 and 6,500 feet below the ocean surface. Diet Most Nudibranchs eat using a radula, a toothed structure that they use to scrape off prey from the rocks they cling to; some suck out the prey after predigesting its tissue with selected enzymes, rather like a wasp. They are carnivorous, so that prey includes sponges, coral, anemones, hydroids, barnacles, fish eggs, sea slugs, and other nudibranchs. Nudibranchs are picky eaters- individual species or families of nudibranchs may eat only one kind of prey. Nudibranchs get their bright colors from the food they eat. These colors may be used for camouflage or to warn predators of the poison that lies within. The Spanish shawl nudibranch (Flabellina iodinea) feeds on a species of hydroid called Eudendrium ramosum, which possesses a pigment called astaxanthin that gives the nudibranch its brilliant purple, orange, and red coloration. Some nudibranchs, like the Blue Dragon, create their own food by eating coral with algae. The nudibranch absorbs the algaes chloroplasts (zooxanthellae) into the cerata, which acquire nutrients by photosynthesis using the sun to sustain the nudibranch for months. Others have evolved other ways of farming zooxanthellae, housing them in their digestive gland. Behavior The sea slugs can see light and dark, but not their own brilliant coloration, so the colors are not intended to attract mates. With their limited vision, their sense of the world is obtained through their rhinophores (on top of the head) and oral tentacles (near the mouth). Not all nudibranchs are colorful; some use defensive camouflage to match the vegetation and hide, some can change their colors to fit, some hide their bright colors only to bring them out to warn off predators. Nudibranchs move on a flat, broad muscle called a foot, which leaves a slimy trail. While most are found on the ocean floor, some can swim short distances in the water column by flexing their muscles. Some even swim upside down. Aeolid nudibranchs can use their cerata for defense. Some of their prey such as Portuguese man-of-wars have a specialized cell in their tentacles called nematocysts that contain a barbed or venomous coiled thread. Nudibranchs eat the nematocysts and store them in the nudibranchs cerata where they can be used late to sting predators. Dorid nudibranchs make their own toxins or absorb toxins them from their food and release those into the water when needed. Despite the unsavory or toxic taste they can present to their non-human predators, most nudibranchs are harmless to humans, except those like Glaucus atlanticus which consumes nematocytes and so may consider you a predator and sting. Reproduction and Offspring Nudibranchs are hermaphrodites, meaning that they have reproductive organs of both sexes. Because they cant move too far, too fast and are solitary in nature, its important for them to be able to reproduce if the situation presents itself. Having both sexes means that they can mate with any adult that happens to pass by. Nudibranchs lay masses of spiral-shaped or coiled eggs, which are for the most part left on their own. The eggs hatch into free-swimming larvae which eventually settle onto the ocean bottom as adults. Only one species of nudibranch, the Pteraeolidia ianthina, exhibits parental care by guarding the newly-laid egg masses. Nudibranchs and Humans Scientists study nudibranchs because of their complex chemical makeup and adaptations. They have rare or novel chemical compounds which possess anti-microbial and anti-parasitic traits which may aid in the fight against cancer.   Studies of nudibranch DNA also offer assistance in tracking ocean conditions relative to climate change. Threats These beautiful animals dont live very long; some live up to a year, but some only for a few weeks. The global population of nudibranchs is currently unassessed- researchers are still discovering new ones each year- but field observations such as that conducted by Endangered Species International suggest that many species are becoming rare, due to water pollution, degradation, habitat loss, and biodiversity decline associated with global warming.   Sources Bertsch, Hans. Nudibranchs: Sea Slugs With Verve. The Slug Site, 2004.Cheney, Karen L. and Nerida G. Wilson. Quick Guide: Nudibranchs. Current Biology Magazine 28.R4–R5, January 8, 2018.Epstein, Hannah E, et al. Reading between the Lines: Revealing Cryptic Species Diversity and Colour Patterns in Hypselodoris Nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae).  Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.zly048 (2018).King, Rachael. Is It a Worm? A Snail? No...Its a Nudibranch!. Southeast Regional Taxonomic Center, Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources.Knowlton, Nancy. Citizens of the Sea: Wondrous Creatures From the Census of Marine Life. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2010.Lewis, Ricki. Celebrating National Sea Slug Day. PLOS Blogs: Diverse Perspectives on Science and Medicine, November 1, 2018.Nudibranchs and other sea slugs. New Heaven Reef Conservation Program, 2016.

Deontological ethics and teleological (utilitarian) ethics Essay

Deontological ethics and teleological (utilitarian) ethics - Essay Example An act undertaken with negative intentions is therefore, under deontology, immoral irrespective of its beneficial consequences. The two theories therefore differ in the principles that while utilitarianism is based on consequences of actions, deontology is based on responsibility and motives into actions (Mann and Roberts, 2012; Ahronheim, Moreno and Zuckerman, 2005). Both deontology and teleology have inherent problems. Teleology undermines justice as it can promote an unlawful practice as long as the practice results in more benefits than harm. It is also difficult to quantify consequences of actions. Deontology is however rigid and may lead to harmful actions. Similarly, deontology’s observance of rules may lead to confusion especially â€Å"when values or assumptions conflict† (Mann and Roberts, 2012, p. 16). Teleological ethics that requires attention to consequences is therefore a problem because it may induce conflict with legal provisions since a beneficial consequence may be achieved through illegal means. This means that the theory undermines justice. Social dynamism also means that long term consequences of present actions on future actions cannot be predicted, a matter that further undermines utilitarianism (Mann and Roberts, 2012, p.

Arab Culture and Beliefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arab Culture and Beliefs - Essay Example The Islamic faith had taken roots in the 6th century AD in Saudi Arabia and spread out into the surrounding regions. The Islamic rulers were trained in the art of warfare, astute statesmen and able administrators6. They ruled with an iron hand but they were fair in their dealings7. They were patrons of literature, arts, science and philosophy8. Trade, education and military expeditions were high on their agenda and they carried out these in the best tradition9 and vision the newly found religion propagated and expounded10 (Saudi Arabia: Culture). Hence, given the ideal state of affairs storytellers flourished11. These bards were thoroughly familiar with the fallacies and foibles of all men from at all levels12. They were either trained in the art of storytelling or were motivated13 enough to stir up their imaginations to arouse interest and maintain it through mentally manufactured plots which they narrated before gaping, awe-struck audience14. Which audience will resist the temptation to hear accounts of rags to riches episodes15 couched with mysterious events, adventures, gallant heroes, beautiful women, eccentric rulers, scheming villains, strange beings and beasts, and rounded up with the most unlikely and profound endings.16 The Arab culture of medieval times provide the fantastic backgro... The Arab culture of medieval times provide the fantastic background of valor and wealth, innocence and greed, intrigue and deceit, ogre and jinn, and a rich variety of oriental charm and chicanery17 to embellish the Arabian Nights with the unique touch and brand of a world where the interplay of facts and fiction18 gave both an aura of invincibility and supernatural powers to perform the impossible.19 The Arabian Nights tantalizingly reflect the heydays of Arabia's past glory20 when ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11,12,13,14,15 Saudi Arabia: Culture 16,17,18,19,20 The Arabian Nights the Arab world was a world centre for learning, science, arts and philosophy21. The advent and spread of Islam in the Arab world22 and beyond happened in the times the Arabian Nights came to be written and told23. Possibilities exist for some of the stories to have been given a makeover of the Arab culture and beliefs24 to make it more acceptable to the regional masters and citizenry15. It is also possible that many of the stories originated25 from one of the countries with whom Arabia had economic and cultural ties like India26. The stories resonate with the culture and ethos of these places where the Islamic rulers had dominion including the countries the Arabs did business with27. What distinguishes the Arabian Nights from other folklores is the way metaphysics28 is incorporated to highlight ordinary life and situations with supernatural aliens and incidents29. The stories of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, Sindbad the Sailor, Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp30 are some examples of

Anne Sexton Literary Essay Example for Free

Anne Sexton Literary Essay Anne Sexton transforms the well-known fairytale Snow White into a sardonic piece of writing that reflects societal perceptions of the woman. In her poem she explores the idea that a woman is nothing more than a doll, something that sits pretty on a shelf for all to admire. She also describes the reliance on men, and how women are becoming dependent and incompetent. She counteracts this with a women’s intelligence compared to her beauty and vanity, and what a woman should be. She explores the idea of beauty and vanity going hand in hand, meaning that even princesses can be vain. Fairytales aren’t real, and they are overrated- happily ever after does not exist, especially for those who aren’t beautiful. All fairytales have a female antagonist, and one that is usually a princess. Snow White is sexualized as the virgin. Good Day Mama,  and shut for the thrust  of the unicorn. She is unsoiled. She is as white as a bonefish. (9-13) This text explains that she innocent and untouched. All that matters to a prince is that she is beautiful and a virgin. A brand new doll with porcelain skin and glassy eyes. cheeks as fragile as cigarette paper, arms and legs made of Limoges, lips like Vin Du Rhà ´ne, rolling her china-blue doll eyes open and shut. (3-7) Sexton compares Snow White to a doll because she is merely an object for ones admiration and love. She is to be pampered and taken care of in return of sitting pretty on the shelf, to be admired. Beauty and vanity play the two-sided coin in this poem, you can’t have one without the other. The queen epitomizes vanity, when she asks the mirror who is the fairest of the land. When the reply is Snow White, she is outraged. Being the most beautiful person in the land is what the queen desires. She craves the attention because beauty is so valued, and Sexton makes that clear. If Snow White or the Queen weren’t beautiful, would anyone ever notice them? Sexton says,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Beauty is a simple passion.† Meaning everyone desires beauty, so those who have it are more noticed. Because Snow White is beautiful, both the prince and the dwarves value her. But with beauty comes vanity, and that is something that Sexton believes in. She believes women should be active and intelligent; beauty is just a faà §ade that relieves women of reaching their full potential. If a woman is beautiful, she can be just as successful as a smart woman without doing all the work because she can rely on men. Any man will want a beautiful wife that does not interfere with his matters. This is what the prince seeks, and finds when he falls in love with Snow White only for her beauty. He stayed so long his hair turned green and still he would not leave. The dwarfs took pity upon him and gave him the glass Snow White its dolls eyes shut forever to keep in his far-off castle. Sexton believes all women should work to be smart, and beauty is no reason not to achieve that. Snow White is unintelligent because she keeps opening the door to the queen even when the dwarfs urge her not too. Her unintelligence is linked to her reliance on a man because she ends up in the happily-ever-after position as the wife of a prince even though she did nothing to deserve it. But what Sexton is trying to show us at the end of the poem that Snow White is now obsessed with herself and her status, and that she will one day be the queen that tries to kill the next young beauty. Meanwhile Snow White held court, rolling her china-blue doll eyes open and shut and sometimes referring to her mirror as women do. The fairytale ending is fictional. The world isn’t Prince Charmings, beautiful princesses, and evil queens that always lose. ‘The End’ isn’t ever the end because it’s a cycle of innocence, beauty, vanity, and then ultimately envy. Beautiful women are nothing more than an item; they rely on men and are not intelligent. They are envious, and full of vanity. The  perfect women doesn’t exist, and there will never be a happily ever after.

DBQ On Jacksonian Democrats Essay -- Advanced Placement US History

It is agreeable that the Jacksonian Democrats perceived themselves as strict guardians of the United States Constitution. It is not agreeable with how they went about preserving the political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity they stood for. While trying to create this balance, Jackson used tactics favorable only to his opinion. Jackson’s main idea was to rid of aristocracy, giving the power to the poorer classes, standing against rich white men. The flaw in their scheme was that the people who came up with this idea were all rich white men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the Jacksonian Democrats’ attempts to reduce the influence of the rich was by vetoing the charter to the Bank of the United States. Jackson stated his reasons in Document B mainly as a precaution of...

Rick Hansen in Grania Litwin’s Perpetual Motion

Defeating fear in our minds is the biggest challenge. In Perpetual Motion, written by Crania Litton, Rick Hansen defeats the biggest challenge in both his body and his heart, and teaches people to find and achieve their life goals. His courage, perseverance and generosity mark him as one of the most venerable role model in human history. With a firm ambition and consistent strive, Hansen conquers a hardship which almost destructed his heart before. His courage and confidence brings positive influences to those who suffer from predicament and illuminates people to overcome difficulty bravely.When trapped in endless pain and despair, he did not give up himself; instead, he chose to â€Å"focus on something [he] could do, set goals. â€Å"(paragraph 1 7) Trampling down affliction by turning to improve himself is a great victory. This action inspires people to face challenge and surmount it by themselves. Hansen encourages people by both using his impressive experience and giving power ful words. He proves to the world that he is never defeated by physical disability: â€Å"He pushed his chair 40,000 kilometers around the globe, wrought 34 countries, up mountain ranges, through freezing blizzards and along the Great Wall. (paragraph 2) Also, he tells people to be brave in stepping towards their ambition and never think about failure because ‘the only thing that stops people reaching for their dream is fear of failure. â€Å"(paragraph 23) His success not only rehabilitates himself but also emanates hope to people who hesitate to take their first step towards their goal. Never stopping going forward, Hansen does not satisfy in making only himself successful. He aims to help more people who ever encounter same problems.Hansen founded Rick Hansen Man in Motion Foundation, whose â€Å"consciousness-raising efforts helped raise funding of $158 million. â€Å"(paragraph 9) His role model is as significant as the money he has granted to better â€Å"specialize d treatment centers, new imaging technology, exceptional neural and spinal surgeons. â€Å"(paragraph 8) Hansen persists to change the world with his endeavor and inspire people to live a better life. Even though in wheelchair, Rick Hansen still lives a much more fantastic life than most people. Never being defeated by fear and pursuing ambition no

Human Resources and Organizational Behavior for Health Care Leadership in Health Care Management Essay

There are people that need a strong leader in order to thrive in their job. There are also people that don’t need a strong leader because they have the drive to be successful but may need a push every now and then. When it comes to an organization and the dynamics of it, managers be charismatic because of dealing with so many different personalities in the group. Being a charismatic leader requires self-confidence and trust in his/her subordinates. Showing trust in huge as it instills confidence in that employee and tells them they don’t have to look over their shoulders. They can do their jobs freely which can lead to more production in the organization. Conflicts are a natural part of human interaction and it’s inevitable. Part of being a good leader is having effective conflict management skills. When conflicts arise, managers must know how to manage them so that bigger problems don’t grow. There are so many aspects of being a manager and leading. Employees in the organization depend on good leadership and if that need is not met, it can lead to workplace disfunction. Keywords: Charismatic, Conflict, Leadership, Dynamics, Management When the management job is talked about, leadership often comes to mind. It takes a strong minded, organized, and determined individual to do this job. Over seeing a number of different employees can at times not be the easiest job. Leaders must be willing to accept and meet challenges that come for the betterment of patient healthcare. Not everyone can lead a group of people in an organization. It takes the type of person that has people skills as well as the knowledge of his/her job to lead effectively. Leading Creatively Usually when healthcare leaders have a question they take a rational approach until the right or wrong answer has made it up the chain of command. This approach can be effective in some cases but in healthcare thing are always changing. A regular leader loves to avoid mistakes which all mistakes are not avoidable. Someone who is creative loves to learn from mistakes as it can give them more ideas to choose from. Today, the healthcare environment is even more complex as reform and market forces transform the way healthcare is delivered and managed. Belief systems, values and attitudes are shifting. Creative thinking and agile, adaptive leadership will be required to make hospitals, health systems and networks sustainable as the healthcare delivery landscape transforms (http://www. ccl. org/leadership/landing/healthcare/index. aspx). As a leader in healthcare, managers must show their employees that they are willing to be innovative and let their ego go as group collaboration becomes the norm. By modeling this, the employees will be more willing to work together for the good of the organization and the patients. The Center for Creative Leadership (CCL) has developed a model that health systems can use to adapt and thrive in uncertain times by creating direction, alignment and commitment. There are six essential organizational capabilities that are a prerequisite for success: Collaborative Patient Care Teams- The team will extend to include clinicians outside the hospital environment which will place a much greater emphasis on higher-order collaboration skills. Resource Stewardship- Requires individual ownership and accountability for the decisions that will ultimately allow the system to thrive and manage its resources judiciously. Talent Transformation- Leaders will need to hire and develop talented individuals who can see the next wave of plausible solutions and innovations and lead transformational change. Boundary Spanning- Leaders draw on networks and relationships as they work systemwide to meet the mission of healthcare. Capacity for Complexity, Innovation and Change- Effective leaders move populations from old established processes to new models of effectiveness and understand the underlying emotional impact of change and how it varies by individual. Employee Engagement and Well-being- Employees are most productive and committed to their organization when they are engaged emotionally, mentally and physically. (http://www. ccl. org/leadership/landing/healthcare/index. aspx). These organizational methods are the essential keys for managers to not only lead their workplace to the way of the future but also helping to lead other organizations. The collaboration aspect is key as it will require everyone to be cohesive and understanding. Power and Influence Power is a defined as having behavioral or fate control over the behavior of another. It exists only when there is an unequal relationship between two people and where one of the two is dependent upon the other (Borkowski, 2011). Power can be a trap for some managers which can lead to abusing it. When employees see and experience this happening they pull away and lose respect for that manager. This can be the downfall of an organization as it can cause employees to lose motivation, commitment, and creativity. There are five bases of social power: reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, referent power, and expert power. An individual is not limited to just one source of power. Reward power is the ability to give rewards, something that holds value to another individual. Coercive power is the ability to punish either by administering a punishment or by withholding something that an individual needs or wants. Legitimate power is given to an individual on the basis of a given role or position. Referent power stems from P’s affective regard for, or identification with, O. The greater the attraction, the greater the identification. Expert power exists when P awards power to O on the basis of P’s perception of O’s knowledge within a given area (Borkowski, 2011). In class discussion the general consensus was managers that had the trust and respect of their employees, had the most power. A manager is an expert of the knowledge he/she has over a subordinate. When managers use that expert power in the right way, which is to teach his/her subordinates, they will feel that the manager is wanting them to expand their knowledge for their success as well as the organization. This in turn continues to build trust and deep respect for the manager. As an educator, this is modeled for us by our administration. Our superintendent and principal have both been teachers in the classroom but have since moved into the roles that they have now so they are the experts when it comes to some of the issues that come up. They attend countless meetings of changes that may happen either with our district or state so that then they can inform us. Once we have a good grasp of what is going to take place we can then inform our students. The expert power that our administration had has been passed to the teaching staff so that then we can pass that knowledge to the students. Decision Making Decision making is an everyday part of our lives whether we realize what type of decision we make or not. Sometimes we make decisions rationally and sometimes intuitively. The fact is, we want to make the right decision but that is not always going to be the case because we can never see what the outcome of that decision will be and we have to live with that. As in any decision model we use, there are pros and cons of each. In the rational decision making model it brings logic and order to decision making. This approach also can help ensure discipline and consistency. Here are the sequence of steps used to rationally develop a solution: Identifying a problem or opportunity, gathering information, analyzing the situation, developing options, evaluating options, selecting a preferred alternative, and acting on the decision. A strength of this model is that it provides structure and discipline to the decision making process. A weakness of this model is the time that is needed to go through this process (http://www. the-happy-manager. com/articles/rational-decision-making-model/). Another decision making model that is used often is intuition. Intuition can make you a much more effective decision maker, especially when you deal with non-standard situations or in expedient decision making. However there are points that need to be considered for instance, when you need to use intuition, can it be effective, and how this decision model ranks versus rational analysis (http://www. time-management-guide. com/intuition-decision-making. html). In class discussion, classmates used a few different models most notably the two mentioned above. There were a few that used both or weighed heavily on just one. I was one that used both rational and intuitive. There are times in coaching when I use the rational approach to make a decision concerning practice. For example, if I need to set up teams that are equal in talent as opposed to starting five and bench, I have to think about who matches up better with who, or what drills are going to be the most beneficial and productive on a given day. My intuitive approach is used during game situations. For example, when to utilize timeouts, when to substitute players, what play to run, or when to switch defenses. Either way, decisions ometimes don’t work out the way you envision but you learn to live with it and move on. Conflict-Conflict Management Another aspect of being a leader in management is conflict and conflict management. Some situations are easier to handle than others but a manager that has effective conflict management skills can diffuse a bad situation before it gets worse. Interpersonal conflict is a natural outcome of human interaction that involves two or more individuals who believe that their attitudes, behaviors, or preferred goals are in opposition (Borkowski, 2011). This type of conflict is probably one the most common in the workplace simply because there are personal characteristics and issues, interactional difficulties and perspective and perceptive differences. As a result of the diversity of today’s workplace, an extensive range of differences exists between personal and cultures. When dealing with groups of people, many interpersonal conflicts involve role confusion. If a person doesn’t understand their expectations it can intensify the conflict leading to unhealthy relationships. As a result, reactions such as aggression and hostility can take place. There are many strategies we can use in conflict situations whether we use some more often than others or not. It’s important that the strategy we do use is appropriate for that particular situation even if it’s not the strategy we habitually use (Williams, n. d. ). Some strategies we can use for conflict management are; Forcing, Accommodating, Avoiding, Compromising, and Collaborating. When forcing, the manager is using formal authority or other power that he/she possesses to satisfy their concerns without regard to the concerns of the party they are in conflict with. Accommodating is allowing the other party to satisfy their concerns while neglecting your own. Avoiding is not paying attention to the conflict and not taking any action to resolve it. Compromising or attempting to resolve a conflict by identifying a solution that is partially satisfactory to both parties, but completely satisfactory to neither. Lastly, there is collaborating or cooperating with the other party to understand their concerns and expressing your own concerns in an effort to find a mutually and completely satisfactory solution (Williams, n. . ). When leading an organization, understanding how conflict arises is helpful for anticipating situations that may become conflictual. This was something that was talked about in our class discussion. Another idea that was mentioned was that seeing all sides of a situation makes a good manager because it helps the employees develop trust. A situation that stands out to me is looking up from speaking with another student and witnessi ng a student get hit with a ball by another student. We will call the student that got hit (A) and the student that threw the ball (B). Obviously student (A) was not happy about getting hit so the first thing he does is run to confront student (B). Some pushing was done by both and then I intervened. Not seeing student (B) throw the ball just the outcome, I calmed them both down and I asked student (B) why he hit student (A) with the ball. He said he was trying to throw it to someone else but that student (A) stepped in at the wrong time and got hit so it was a just an accident. After student (A) heard the story he understood and apologized for pushing student (B) and student (B) also apologized. The strategy I used was collaborating as we all came to an understanding to what happened. Conclusion Not everyone can lead a group of people in an organization. It takes the type of person that has people skills as well as the knowledge of his/her job to lead effectively. Managers are pulled in so many different directions and they must be able to adapt. Being a leader in an organization is not easy, however being a leader period is not easy. A manager must be aware of what is happening in their organization to lead effectively. Not everyone has the same expectations but part of being a charismatic leader is showing that trust and confidence in his/her employees shows them that even though you are the manager, you trust what they are bringing something positive to the organization. Managers relationship with his/her employees is important as the day to day operations depend on the behaviors of everyone. The relationship connectedness between subordinates and managers is key to productivity in the workplace.

Anthropology Of Shamanism And Spirit Possession Religion Essay Essay Example

Anthropology Of Shamanism And Spirit Possession Religion Essay Essay Example Anthropology Of Shamanism And Spirit Possession Religion Essay Essay Anthropology Of Shamanism And Spirit Possession Religion Essay Essay spirit ownership was non merely about civilization in Zimbabwe but involve besides the societal, political and moral facet of the society. The ability of the mediums to ask from the ascendants on the manner frontward for the Ndebele and Shona and to announce what was to go on created a enduring relationship between the war veterans and the Mediums. The recent reoccupation of land held by the colonists is an illustration of the influence of the spirit mediums. There are incidences where spirit ceremonials were held on acquired land in the rural countries and the liquors of the ascendants through the mediums supported the land reform plan. The statement has been that since the first and the 2nd Chimurenga wars did non finally return back the hereditary land. The land reforms being spearheaded are merely the continuance of the chimurenga war of release. Decision Spirit ownership through the mediums forms portion of the cultural development of the communities that pattern the traditional faith. The liquors are a nexus between the present and the past and influence the activities of the present. This relationship can be seen between the war veterans and the spirit mediums in Zimbabwe where there has been a reemergence of this relationship since the land reform initiated by the Zimbabwean authorities and supported by the war veterans. Ceremonies have been done on re- occupied land to welcome back the liquors of the ascendants to their hereditary places.

Reading Comprehension for Beginners - My Office

Reading Comprehension for Beginners - My Office Read the paragraph which describes my office. Pay special attention to the use of prepositions in the reading selection. Youll find useful vocabulary and quizzes below to test your understanding.   My Office Like most offices, my office is a place where I can concentrate on my work and feel comfortable at the same time. Of course, I have all the necessary equipment on my desk. I have the telephone next to the fax machine on the right side of my desk. My computer is in the center of my desk with the monitor directly in front of me. I have a comfortable office chair to sit on and some pictures of my family between the computer and the telephone. In order to help me read, I also have a lamp near my computer which I use in the evening if I work late. There is plenty of paper in one of the cabinet drawers. There are also staples and a stapler, paper clips, highlighters, pens and erasers in the other drawer. I like to use highlighters to remember important information. In the room, there is a comfortable armchair and a sofa to sit on. I also have a low table in front of the sofa on which there are some industry magazines. Useful Vocabulary armchair - a comfortable, padded chair that has arms on which to rest your armscabinet - a piece of furniture that holds objectsdesk - a piece of furniture on which you write or use your computer, fax, etc.drawer - a space which opens for you to store things inequipment - items used to complete tasksfurniture - a word referring to all the places to sit, work, store things, etc.highlighter - a bright pen with a thick tip which is usually green or bright yellowlaptop - a computer you can carry with youpaperclip - a metal clip that holds pieces of paper togetherstapler - a piece of equipment used to staple papers together Multiple-Choice Comprehension Check Questions Choose the correct answer based on the reading.   1. What do I need to do in my office?   A) relax B) concentrate C) study D) read magazines 2. Which piece of equipment do I NOT have on my desk?   A) fax B) computer C) lamp D) photocopier 3. Where are the pictures of my family located?   A) on the wall B) next to the lamp C) between the computer and the telephone D) near the fax 4. I use the lamp to read:   A) all day B) never C) in the morning D) in the evening 5. Where do I keep the paperclips?   A) on the desk B) next to the lamp C) in a cabinet drawer D) next to the telephone 6. What do I keep on the table in front of the sofa?   A) company reports B) fashion magazines C) books D) industry magazines True or False Decide if the statements are true or false based on the reading.   I work late every night.  I use highlighters to help me remember important information.  I keep reading materials that are not related to my job in the office.  I dont need a lamp to help me read.It is important to me to feel comfortable at work. Using Prepositions Fill each gap with a preposition used in the reading. I have the telephone _____ the fax machine on the right side of my desk.The monitor is directly _____ me.I sit _____ my comfortable office chair.I also have a lamp _____ my computer.I put the stapler, pens, and erasers ______ the drawer.I have a table _____ the sofa.  There are lots of magazines _____ the table. Answers Multiple-Choice B - concentrateD - photocopierC - between the computer and the telephoneD - in the eveningC - in a cabinet drawerD - industry magazines Answers True or False   FalseTrueFalseFalseTrue Answers Using Prepositions next toin front ofonnearinin front ofon Continue reading with these appropriate reading comprehension selections.

Diagnosis of the Situation of Google Research Paper

Diagnosis of the Situation of Google - Research Paper Example According to the research in this era of globalization and industrialization, introduction of information technology (IT) has changed the entire scenario of business world. IT is the technique which is mainly concerned with the technology in order to deal with varied types of information. It mainly deals with attainment, processing, storage and distribution of verbal, graphic, textual and numerical facts with the help of microelectronic techniques such as computers. IT mainly includes wide ranges of computer software, programming language and hardware, which transmit information into visual design with the help of multimedia. Thus, it can be depicted that introduction of internet services enabled the connection of several worldwide users into a single framework with the help of ‘internet protocol suites’ (IPS). IT or more specifically, internet service acted as a revolution, which changed the entire global economy. IT is one of the most successful strategies whose implem entation enhanced the market share and the brand recognition of many search engines namely Google, MSN, AOL, Yahoo and Ask Jeeves among others. Besides, Google is the most reputed player in this context. IT has created high impact on the global environment, which eased both individual and business activities thereby augmenting the pace of growth of varied search engines. Google Inc. is a reputed multinational corporation of the United States of America specializing in software and internet based services. It has gained worldwide prominence due to it service of online search engine, which is utilized by varied users all around the world in order to accumulate various information and facts. It mainly operates through online websites and file transfer protocol (FTP) servers, which are vital for the transmission of varied facts and figures from one place to the other. Google web exploration engine is primly owned by Google Inc. The prime objective of Google web exploration engine is to investigate several information and data in numerous online web pages. Moreover, it also helps in interconnecting individuals located far apart. Prior to the implementation of IT, the business scenario of Google was entirely different as compared to recent times. Prior to ‘dot.com bubble’, in the year 2000, the market share of Google was lower than one percent (The Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, 2007). Google Inc. gained momentum after the introduction of IT techniques as one of its corporate strategies. After implementation of IT, the brand image and recognition of Google enhanced to a larger extent, which proved rather beneficial for the organization. It helped to improve the profitability of Google by US$100 billion, thereby positioning itself as the market leader among others. The market share also increased by 57.81 percent by 2004 and it increased to about 66.63 percent by the year 2006, which is quite noteworthy (The Center for R esearch on Information Technology and Organizations, 2007). Hence, it can be depicted that the identity and uniqueness of Google altered due to the adaptation of IT tactics. Problems/Issues That Need To Be Addressed Although Google is a reputed and renowned organization in the world, it is facing quite a few problems,

Political Particpation and how it works in different forms of Essay

Political Particpation and how it works in different forms of government - Essay Example It will be argued in the following that new technologies have the potential to bring the young voters in. The internet presents a number of opportunities to improve political participation, and recent political transformations in the Middle East and the impact of 'social media' on those revolutionary actions, should be sufficient proof that much of the potential is already being realized. Moreover, the 'world wide web' which was launched in [Lipson and Day 10] 1993 (internet is older) is now eighteen years old or the age in which youth begin to vote. Voters have now had the web at their disposal, for the entirety of their lives and this is actually a demographic water-shed of sorts. All voters from this time forward, will have had web-era computer technologies at their disposal, and these technologies hold a number of deposits of hope for attracting participation from precisely the age group with the worst turn-out. Before getting to the potential for increasing participation, some o f the positives of current practices will be outlined to demonstrate what can be built on. Political transparency is one of the areas that the world wide web has been very good thus far at improving.

ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE AND ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE AND ANALYSIS - Essay Example The 21st century has seen the emergence of adaptive organization styles to cope with these increasingly evolving changes in the economic, technological and social-cultural environment. This has had an impact on the traditional organization structure from the previous bureaucratic to today’s emerging post-bureaucratic or otherwise known as network model of organization. A closer look at today’s organizations will show that both the human and structural components have been on a constant change path (Casey 2002). Casey (2002) further observes that today’s organization has faced some form of revolution that has been created by the ever increasing quest for modernity. The issue that arises in this observation is, therefore, what are the causes of such changes and to what extent the present corporate organizations have embraced the change or shown the signs for those changes. This paper therefore examines the various factors that have led to the shift from the bureauc ratic style to that of post-modernism or network model of organization by looking at structures and the human factors. It also tries to ascertain the extent to which today’s organizations have embraced these changes. ... To begin, the revolution of the information and communication technology has been a major influencing factor in the way organizations have been operational. Processes, functions and the general environment of operations in organizations have changed and corporations have felt this change in a massive way. Organizations have encountered and experienced surprising changes in the twenty first century more than that of the industrial revolution (Castells 2011). Decisions are today made more promptly because top management have shed off some of their decision making responsibilities with the emergence of new technology or computer information systems such as decision support systems. They have improved accuracy and the time taken to make decisions and they have facilitated involvement of many people as opposed to the previous bureaucratic style where lower cadre employees had to wait several days for final decisions to be made (Heyderbrand 1989). Information technology has also effectivel y improved the way feedback is sought from the top management. For instance, today you do not have to book an appointment to meet the manager; instead you could just send him or her an email and you will be sure that there will be response soonest they access their mails. Another influence that technology has brought into organizations is the rise of professional workers who are more independent in thinking and decision making and the reduction of manual workers who depend on supervision and orders for them to perform their tasks appropriately (Frenkel 1999). This has in turn reduced bureaucratic tendencies of relying on orders and waiting for instructions from the top organs as will be further seen in this discussion. To plainly relay the

Technological Advances: A Global Village

Technological Advances: A Global Village 1 Introduction of assignment The transformation of this world due to technological advances is making it global village. (McLuhan, 1999) in the past three decades, many governments set for free market system and their economy abilities and opportunities have attracted international business to invest in their economies. Even there are more results of globalization related to these economies. There are many efforts made by all governments in the world to the elimination of restrictions on business and trade. Many have provided their people with waste choice in goods, services and other sectors throughout the continents. With new opportunities it is expansion of global business that has benefited all industries and sectors. There is development of new companies and business with many other partners in foreign markets. This lead system to an international trade and business. There are now new businesses and structures which can make more profits from this economic globalization. There are many universally accepted benefits with this globalization now days. Technology is one of major cause that drivers globalization and it had transformed human social and economic life in a way which giving both consumers and businesses new way to discover economic opportunities. There is much with consumer needs and choices that been developed with this global business. There is lot with the value of your choices and needs. Well understanding of economic trends in all parts of the world is result of this change and can easily be transferred to shape up better life in human society with the funds and goods now available to all countries. There are many commercial and economic benefits for all partners in this way from transactions, mergers and acquisitions that now become commonplace issues. All we can thanks to this positive effects that globalization have contributed in human life by increase in employment, cash flows, cultural, trade and other external unfolding in this wa y. There are also environmental and social issues from awareness to actions among masses of this world. However as it is said that there can be two sides that every coin have, same is with globalisation as we see some negative due to this globalization. There can be lot of debate over this issue of advantage and disadvantage of globalization, we find many anti-globalisation protest especially global economic forum is famous for such protest every year. Yet it is very difficult make a conclusion that wither it is a blessing or it is a curse for world. We in this particular study will focus on the concepts of globalization, we will also see into the advantage and disadvantage of globalisation. We will try to find how businesses use to manage this trend of globalization based on their activities for any new market. At some point we will make analysis about the entrance of Toyota in the UK market. 2 Globalization as Phenomenon Globalization is controversial term in itself; while there can be lots of opinions about this. The world have witnessed many advantages to this phenomenon of the globalization. We are also seeing many ill effects or demerits of globalisation especially the trends and behaviours that harming environment on large scale. The concept says that globalisation is phenomenon lead by technological advancements and advancements in transportation that making work a smaller village. Globalisation is result of scientific advancements in communications and transportation means. It had turned the world of business a rapidly changing and growing world. Many poor economies have gained lot and with much better speed with this global trend on business. Today one can travel a start business in other corner of the world with better speed and growth. Globalisation has raised the human living standards and it had helped many poor economies to get advance with speed. There is also believe that it have benef itted only the multinational businesses not the people. It is also said that it had made high up damage to local cultures and businesses. All the small firms operating locally have to suffer from this trend that is reason many local governments sometimes discourage global companies in their areas to start a new business because they want to save local business and markets. (Robock, 1989) this has lead to many questions about the future of this globalization as there are many such ambiguities that are related with it. We will be looking at some aspects in this study like is globalisation good or it is bad? What are cultural implications of this? There are many questions that cannot be covered here like what impacts globalisation making over social and religious traditions? There is needed to make this phenomenon a balanced one to get more benefits for businesses and societies. We can find many answers related to business expansion and global economy. 2.1 Business Globalization Globalization of businesses like all other a thing in globalisation is happening and it is taking world economy, world politics and global culture. (Hill, 2007)This included the expansion of markets and business throughout the world. In business main objective lies with profits and profits come with margins between price and cost of production or through large scale selling. There are more benefits for both consumers and business men with global expansion of business. The companies going into global markets need to make changes according to local markets to get attraction from customers to buy their products or services. These new expansions of global businesses and communication have created a new global business culture over the world. 2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of Globalization of business There is lot of debate over the advantages and disadvantages of the global markets and businesses. There much in written and talked form over every platform about this. There is need to look into these things to do a good justice to this study. In coming study we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of the Take a look at the following advantages and disadvantages of global marketing. There is different situation with different companies around globe. There are certain advantages and disadvantage at same time for globalisation of business. Advantages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduction in marketing costs: If we look at amounts of marketing for global business it looks huge but if you compare it with unit costs or costs relating profits then its reduced from the costs that were being made for local businesses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global levels: in its scope a global business have wide global level of markets that can generate more earnings through sustainability of demands over the periods and in new markets as business expands. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Brand images: Now a day growing global marketing makes easy for businesses to make a static image that can be spread over the continents through different markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Smart Ideas: global businesses are able to make use of the marketing their ideas to have a strategy about products that can be very smart in its way to generate more profits through these innovative ideas on a major global scale. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ uniformity: Throughout the world companies have kind of uniform approach related to their business that helps in monitoring and developing business with less efforts. Disadvantages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Need of consumer: An American consumer have different choice from consumer in South Africa that costs companies lots of money to make such adjustments. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Consumer Reactions: Consumers in different part of world have very different reaction to things that sometimes costs lots of losses to businesses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Local product: It is allowable for some product to get adjust for example for a Japanese with kind of traditional, and for an American some modern aspect related to product. This need different strategy and technology to deal. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Local Laws: policies of the company must be in accordance to local laws of their countries. May be laws abroad may be conflicting in these policies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Disputes: infrastructure sometimes brings disputes in the industry and with authorities that always costs to businesses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wealth concentration: This is believed that globalisation is concentrated with wealth seeking activities and its major focus is not development and welfare but profit seeking. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the income gaps: It has produced lot of gapes between the developed and underdeveloped countries. 2.3 Culture of Global Business Should always be economic growth at the site of a unique cluster with a fleet of pool of skilled and educated workers. It had access to the depth of the market, or rather access to the last mile is always as conflict or challenge corporate world with some companies having advantages due to huge investments. Costly structure is the global challenges for economy and growth, but need for rethinks about value chain and activities that made distance and time irrelevant. Some companies has adopted with these challenges by the strategy used for this is flooding of money and men power that have set for talents and culture of discipline it also have enhanced the capacities and skills of the labour. This global innovation is quite mixed deeply to the organizational of culture as it is based on multi-talented that make advantage for companies. Thus there is chance of integration of cultures and local knowledge with a wide range of global things to make things work fast and better way. The world today, and technology flourish because of the Indian information technology experts. Are imported motorcycles Bajaj and Kawasaki today face to face with Harley Davidson, BMW and Honda. It is estimated that today there are about 3000 Challenger at the global level. These companies will be a force to be reckoned with because they simplifiers, adopters, Interpreters and drive to succeed and survive in the coming days. They should be able to compete on the basis of the competitors time to a new model for the success of companies in this new trading environment where it competes with everyone and everyone from everywhere. (Gitman, 2008) This could become a competition based on time if and only if they can provide greater value to many times on the model more flexible than the competitor, whether it is another competitor or global giant. These companies need to understand the value of the proposal that the client is looking for and make then make their products according to this value by looking at the client. This pricing on the basis of the value in the case of these companies are looking for and why you should do.These rivals at the same time and some of the strategies in place to surprise their rivals. 2.4 Global projects and Project management Global project management putts set of challenges regardless the business physical locations or regions and time. There are many cultural issues that can go beyond simple things of language and time differences. There are many issues related to management, efficiency and reporting. All big organizations have global business these days and the managers at headquarters have to manage with difficulties and differences of all these countries and their cultures. There must be best options on table for effective management either it is based on communication or geographical diversity. There can be projects that face with cultural barriers at the start but with adopting a successful multi-cultural level team that suits the local systems these can be covered. It is significant to be familiar with minor diversity that can appear later as enough thing to influence the outcome of any project. For example if distance of countries is not more than they can have a cultural similarity like UK and Spain. But if it can be like United UK and Australia that have distance but similar cultures. But if they have different culture and distance that can bring problem for establishment of effective teams and results for a company. These assumptions can be incorrect, experience has shown that almost always from any one of the following differences will affect the project, and these differences should not be administered properly. 1: identify the difference 2: Language difference 3: Time Difference 4: cultural difference 2.5 Key elements for starting New Business in Markets A) Research Details on the environment through any legal agent, also get the knowledge of history. In your case the other party and to check on things get as much information as possible. Whatever you think your customers will see their case as. There are all mediation and efficiently for our clients to negotiate certain techniques. Theres some kind of guidance before going into business should be. ) Proper communication b While e-mail, telephone or other appropriate tools to communicate in day to day, also weekly conference calls and commitments should be scheduled for more progress and enable open discussion about the issues. C) Business Expectations At the beginning of the project report should determine the frequency form. It is likely that the local level and the global need for various reports D) address cultural issues This is a two-way (or more) process to make sure that all teams hope to understand each others point of view. If necessary, the different cultures to conduct the investigation cost, quality and status of different areas such as time should be estimated. Can be also found at different locations culture references, but the difference in skills. E) lack of recognition While not listening to the local teams at the same time the global project team members such as lack of respect for personal obligations, the director works much excitement in the region is likely to result in the negative. Instead, the day when all members are available and the decision as a conference call or regularly for updates on the report, a general order for the report within the time limit should be. 2.6 Development of international team i) motivating teams The global project manager to understand what motivates a variety of teams is important. Quickly and make your team members with the key to honest discussions can connect. Level, this responsibility also lies at the local level should determine. Progress ii) Monitoring There project when it is not possible to assess the progress a few steps. For example, when there is work and the completion of the first group depend on each other based on the progress made in two types of packages. Building trust and loyalty between international teams and local communities, and ensure reporting completely honest and gives an accurate picture of progress. iii) Regular response Project manager is always work to clearly define expectations for all the world should provide a detailed proposal. Failure to do so that misunderstandings and poor work due to the fact that not all team members located in the same location will be exacerbated to can lead to. 2.7 Trade Control Tasks of a) Distribution Where possible, teams of expertise most appropriate for use with each task. Communication with all teams to explain the reasoning task assigned to the cost benefits where appropriate, analysis using the ill feeling between the teams to prevent. B) dependency management Should be based on the skills available in one place and work groups should be allowed to manage. When possible, dependencies, deadlines, do not plan very carefully and detailed the relevant features are required to document the objectives and results C) global stakeholders management Stakeholders to identify and relatively clear, but large and complex projects to the expectations of stakeholders in the analysis is not the world. And different agendas and competition between different groups, and these relationships should be managed as a whole in the world to reduce the impact on the success of the project. 2.8 Task Distribution Exchange must agree on the overall level of requirements for any request, after we consult with all stakeholders. Allstakeholders schedule and local level by the overall level before agreeing to the impact on budget and authorized MustAssess any changes. ) I determine the purpose Despite the risks inherent in each project must be, andmitigation should be in place, we work for the overall project requirements and deadlines allcategories understand and, more importantly, it would be all AcceptableTo all teams should fare. And then become a reality reduce the likelihood of any threat to. ii) Mediation Two parties with one another are among atwar a way to dispose of. In mediation, you always use alternative dispute resolution Someform arbitration to settle disputes amicablyBetween andpicks parties to use the technology. Dialogue between the parties solve the correction based on gold approprià ©e. All parties generally must be see shed, an honest broker, and we should carefully consult history and often suspect. Tosettle mediate conflicts and disputes resolution broker, commercial technology, and legal as well familyissues, and use of personal diplomacy, and in the workplace Toyota 3 cases Toyota also in the United Kingdom is 21, which is still in the development world and new transport and production solutions while respecting and protecting the global environment to address the challenges of achievement leads. Toyota Motor Corporation Established in 1919, and the clothes are interested in the theory advanced loom on the horizon for building. Today, Toyota is a truly global business, worldwide manufacturing of vehicles in factories on six continents and over a quarter of a million people directly to work. 160 to market their products are sold worldwide. Europe as part of a wider strategy, the companys production center is built here: Introduction Toyota, near Derby, Burnaston, in the heart of global manufacturing plant, a company that has grown in 70 years, the largest supplier has become the worlds third largest producer of car engines in Deeside. (Toyota, 2010) The second is in North Wales. Powered by Toyota Manufacturing UK (TMUK), they present surplus of  £ 1.7 billion investment represents. Burnaston new Toyota Avensis, which began in the spring of 2003, only center for the production. It also creates three versions and five-door Toyota Corolla. In 2002, Europes most important car manufacturer Toyota and efficiency in an independent survey in 2003 another came in Burnaston has announced that production on the clock to take an unprecedented step to launch a third daily shift start there will. Deeside already working on a three shift pattern, both gasoline and diesel engines for the new Avensis and Corolla built. (Toyota, 2010) also makes engine parts to Toyota factories around the world, Turkish and French exports to other countries including South America. United Kingdom, and Europes second largest for new cars Toyota and Lexus models 2002.Sales, which together represent about five percent of total sales equal to 133 500 to more than 2 .5 million registered with the market. Toyota Lexus and Toyota with 17 and six models of any plant in the United Kingdom offers a broad range of products. Britains fourth-largest source of the car, and Toyota in manufacturing key and influential role in the country. Toyota personal transport solution for the construction of continuous production and have been working can be effective and that are looking to the future. Company heavier compounds and technologies that address the issue of environmental concerns and diminishing resources have been invested in development. His work in the UK, with the creation of high quality environmental impact of vehicles to meet all the demands of motorists today by reducing the Toyota clearly its commitment to future success. Toyota is still the British government and the automotive industry as a whole on a wide range of issues affecting their agencies working together, especially in the campaign for cleaner and more efficient solutions, and Transp ortation seems to manufacturing. United Kingdoms main market, both in terms of sales and building a new Toyota Prius Of world production of Toyota cars. (Toyota, 2010) Manufacturing production outside of Japan since 1959 when it opened its first factory in Brazil and abroad. Today 27 countries including Japan, the 58 factories, and construction of over one million six-year cars sold in different markets and 160 national. Toyota car production in the United Kingdom is an important element of global manufacturing strategy. The companys theory that the cars where they are sold to local market needs of the building after completion. 1989 UK Manufacturing (TMUK) Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. based on the state line while in the state, paving the way for the first European car manufacturing process. 1992 Production begins in the mail with Kareena Burnaston factory and engine production begins in Deeside. E Kareena ends 1997 with production to replace the Avensis; TMUK export wins Queens Award. Avensis Corolla launched in 1998 with Burnaston production. Toyota Avensis first exports to Japan. Deeside production line Toyota RAV4 This has helped increase exports Toyota five levels in all parts of Europe as a producer in the United States to stabilize the situation continued strong sales performance: Toyota is now the largest exporter of cars manufactured in the United States fourth largest full- . TMUK are estimated production of 20 percent of the domestic market in exports, and the balance of Europe and the world (about 75 percent and five respectively) of the rest. Toyota has announced that the model is sent to the Avensis 36000 per year. More than six million vehicles in 2002 to build the global situation, Toyota Motor Corp., maker of cars occupied by the worlds third largest. Toyota 58 factories in 27 countries around the world is going on. All day, every day the equivalent of industrialization and the construction of a car every six seconds level. Marketing of Toyota vehicles in more than 160 countries around the world. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Toyota 50000000000 pounds more than the market, General Motors, Ford and DaimlerChrysler combined value of more value. Toyota Production System Toyota Motor Corporation and the early days of the companys founder Sakichi TOYODA motivation has its roots. Invented the horizon, which automatically stopped the emerging theme that is cut during the process if any. Toyota PLC (GB) United Kingdom Good marketing and sales strategies at the national level. All these departments have been working effectively with sales, marketing after sales service and customer relations. The Surrey Heath since 2001 in the new headquarters was near the Epsom. The headquarters has about 400 employees. There Grimsby Derby and the vehicles and logistics center is working efficiently. Toyota increased its sales in the United Kingdom continuously for 11 years had achieved a performance record. The fastest growing UK brand position. 4 Porters five forces We can make a study based on Porters five forces to know the competition levels in any industry which is working in this global environment. The industry should look at its large part to determine the business strategy and particularly growth strategy. (Hill, 2007) also on the basis that the economy is essential to this industry, and the possibility of profit is determined by the industry is very competitive interactions. That can be drawn where these interactions are intense, tend away from the profits of competing activities. Where light and competitors seem manageable, and the possibility of profit tends to be high. After making understanding of all main elements of competition in this industry is easy to look into things. Porter made identification of five fundamental forces which collectively illustrate the state of any business current or future destiny. a) Competition in the industry 1. What is the intensity of competition among competitors 2. Is there any threat of some new entrants to this market 3. What is level of bargaining power that suppliers have 4. What kind and level of bargaining customers have in the industry 5. What kind of alternative products are available as a threat These forces help to determine presence or absence of opportunities that can be there for industry or company to gain high returns. As the porter five forces are weaker for some company it have chance to get more opportunity in the business to make higher growth and profits. More generally understanding is about forces that how these affect competition within the industry and these then determine position of company and its strategy options in future. b) Consequences for Toyota i) The threat of entrants (Very high) ii) Power suppliers (Very Low) iii) Threat of substitutes (Very high) iv) Power of buyers (low) v) Threat Rivalry (high) 5 Conclusion Companies in the current environment need strategies at the global level since their starts of the work and for any new launch in business. There is needed to look for the growth at the highest international level and there should be measures that are necessary to control major declines in business. There is need to avoid stagnation in one area of world that makes unequal growth of development. There is need for SMART as specific, measureable, achievable, right and time bound strategies to survive in this global business environment. We can see how Toyota and Skoda making things moving in their favour by diversity of strategies. There is always need for a good global image. All businesses need to find ways to keep pace with this growing global economy and competition in the markets.